English Booklet

English 5th year

WH-QUESTION WORDS:

 What, where, when, which, who, why, how, how old, how long,  how often, how much, how many, how far.

ENGLISH	Meaning	SPANISH
WHAT | ˈwɒt |	Open questions about general items.	¿Qué? Cuál?
WHERE | weə |	Open questions in reference to place	¿Dónde?
WHEN | wen |	Open questions in reference to time	¿Cuándo?
WHICH | wɪtʃ |	It is similar to What but with specific reference	¿Cuál?
WHO | huː |	Ask for a personal reference	¿Quién?
WHY | waɪ | Because | bɪˈkɒz |	Ask for the reason or cause of an event. Because may be the corresponding answer to why..?	¿Porqué?    Por que
HOW | ˈhaʊ |	Ask for the way in which something has been done or the a state	¿Cómo?
HOW OLD | ˈhaʊ əʊld |	Ask for the “age”(person/thing)	¿Edad?
HOW LONG | ˈhaʊ ˈlɒŋ |	Ask for the time lap of an event	¿ Por cuánto tiempo?
HOW OFTEN | ˈhaʊ ˈɒfn̩ |	Ask for the frequency of an action	¿Con qué frecuencia?
HOW MUCH | ˈhaʊ ˈmʌtʃ	Ask about the quantity or amount related to uncountable nouns	¿Cuánto?
HOW MANY | ˈhaʊ məni	Ask about the quantity or amount related to countable nouns	¿Cuánto?
HOW FAR  | ˈhaʊ ˈfɑː |	Ask for the distance of a location.	¿ a qué distancia?

                                             

·         Complete the following interrogative sentences with a Wh-interrogative word.

            1) ________________ is your name? My name is Walt.

            2) _______________are you from? I’m from France.

            3) _______________ are you? I’m fine thanks.

            4) _______________ are you? I’m thirteen years old. 

             5) ________________ is it? It’s U$40.

             6) ________________ is he? He is the Pope Francis I

             7) ________________ students are there in your class? There are 32 students.

             8) ________________ is your birthday? It’s ________________________.

             9) _______________ colour do you like the best, yellow or orange? I like yellow.

           10) _______________ is the sky blue? Because of the light reflexion.

·         SUBJECT PRONOUNS:  I, You, He, She, It, We, You They.

   They take the name of Subject pronouns because they can take the place of the subject in a sentence.

    e.g: Violetta sings very well.

             She sings very well.

Subject Pronouns	Pronombres Sujeto
I	YO
YOU	TU,VOS,UD/S
HE	ÉL
SHE	ELLA
IT	Se usa para reemplazar animales y/o cosas
WE	NOSOTROS/AS
THEY	ELLOS/AS

  Re write the sentences using a personal subject pronoun for the underlined phrases.

  1) A dog is an animal. ______________________________________________________

  2) Mary is a pretty girl. _____________________________________________________

  3) The cat is black and white. ________________________________________________

  4) John likes coffee. _______________________________________________________

  5) Carlos and Peter speak Chinese. ___________________________________________

  6) Coffee is delicious. _____________________________________________________

 7) My brother and me play football every day. __________________________________

8) Peter and Marko play soccer at night. _______________________________________

9) My dad, my mum and I go to the beach every summer. _________________________

10) Carol, Peter, Gus, Nicky, Juan and I take the bus to school every morning to school

       ____________________________________________________________________

SUBJECT PRONOUNS vs. OBJECT PRONOUNS.

Subject pronouns go in the subject position in the sentence. They refer to the people who do the action.

Object pronouns go in the object position, that is, people or object that receive the action.

Subject Pronouns	Object Pronouns
I	ME
YOU	YOU
HE,SHE,IT	HIM,HER,IT
YOU	YOU
WE	US
THEY	THEM

PUT AN OBJECT PRONOUN IN EACH GAP.

1)      He has two sons. He plays football with _____________ in his free time.

2)      That’s my dictionary. Can I have _______ back, please?

3)      Ben’s new teacher is Mr. Banks. Ben likes ________ a lot.

4)      Jane and I are good students, so our teacher likes _______.

5)      Our teacher gives _____ a lot of homework.

6)      Kate likes Joanna, but Maria doesn’t like ______ at all.

7)      Carol buys a newspaper every day and reads ______ on the train.

8)      Look! This is a photo of ______ with my family.

9)      Sally lives near Peter and Mary. She goes to work with ______ every day in their car.

10)  My sister has a car but she doesn’t like ______. 

SUBJECT PRONOUNS, OBJECT PRONOUNS, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.

Subject Pronouns	Object Pronouns	Possessive Adjective
I	ME	MY
YOU	YOU	YOUR
HE	HIM	HIS
SHE	HER	HER
IT	IT	ITS
WE	US	OUR
THEY	THEM	THEIR

·          A Subject pronoun is placed in the subject position in the sentence, e.g: He is my friend

·         An Object Pronoun is placed in the object position in the sentence, e.g: Mary called me last night.

·         Possessive Adjectives indicate the position of an item, e.g: My name is Sean.

      Choose the correct word.

         1) We/us/ our all go to the club together.

         2) They/them/their know all about my friend.

         3) Mr. Jones and he/him/ his come last night.

         4) I/me/ my came with John and her/she.

         5) We are stronger than they/them/ their at football.

         6) I am very tall but my/I/ me sister is very short.

         7) Look at your/you dog! He/his/ him very nice.

         8) My brother brought his/him//he ball to play football yesterday.

         9) My sister came to my birthday party with his/her friend.

         10) Juan, Pedro, Kevin and Brian paid my/me/I dinner.

                                     TO BE (simple present)

   Verb to be can be used to express a permanent sate or condition as well as a temporary one. In Spanish language it has two meaning: Ser- Estar.

Affirmative chart

I	AM  (‘m)
He She IT	IS     (‘s)
We You They	ARE   (‘re)

Eg: I am in Buenos Aires (Yo estoy en Buenos Aires)

       I am Argentinian. (Yo soy argentino)

Negative Chart

I	AM	NOT	Complement
He She It	IS	NOT	Complement
We You They	ARE	NOT	Complement

   To make negative sentences we need to add NOT after the verb to be.

   Eg: I am not in Buenos Aires.

         I am not Argentinian.

   For the interrogative sentences it is necessary to place the verb initially or after a wh-word.

Interrogative chart

AM	I	Complement?
Is	He She It	Complement?
ARE	We You They	Complement?

WH-Word	AM	I	Complement?
Wh-Word	IS	He She It	Complement?
Wh-word	ARE	We You They	Complement?

Eg: Am I in Buenos Aires?

      Am I Argentinian?

     Where am I?

     Why am I Argentinian?

FILL IN THE GAPS USING: AM – IS – ARE (positive or negative)

    When the trees______ in spring they ________ green. But when winter comes, they _____________ green because it _______ very cold. Also, many people ______ happy in winter because they like cold weather.

    On the contrary, birds ___________ happy in springtime but they ______________ in winter because they don’t like cold weather. So, my dog, like birds, ________ really happy in springtime too. But many people ________________ happy in springtime because they __________ allergic. You can ask: Why______ they allergic? Well, it ________ because of the flowers.

Write the corresponding form of the verb to be in the empty spaces.

1) Alan _________ fifteen years old.

2) What colour ______ the sun? It ______ yellow.

3) Why _____ you so tired? It ______ because of the workout in the gym.

4) How old ______ you? I _______ eighteen years old.

5) How much ______ the tuna sandwich? It________ U$ 4.

6) ______ Paris in Europe? Yes, it _____

7) What continent ______ Malaysia and China? They ______ in Asia.

8) ______ Istanbul the capital city of Turkey? No, it_____ not.

9) ______ Cairo and Ankara in Asia? No, they _____ not.

10) The capital city of China _______ Beijing.

                                                   PRESENT CONTINOUS

     The present continuous tense is used to talk about momentary events. That is, an event that happens at the same moment of speaking.

To make affirmative sentences is necessary to use the present simple of the verb to be plus a verb ending in –ing.

Affirmative chart

I	AM	V-ing	Complement
He She It	IS	V-ing	Complement
We You They	ARE	V-ing	Complement

Eg: I am watching TV.

      Daniel is playing football.

       Chiara and Pedro are walking to the school.

In all the cases they accept a shortened form:

Eg: I’m watching TV.

      Daniel’s playing football.

      They’re walking to the school.

  We can also add an adverb that give emphasis to the momentary idea, such as: now, in this moment, today, currently, nowadays.

Eg: I am watching TV now.

      Daniel is playing football in this moment.

      Chiara and Pedro are walking to the school today.

In case of negative sentences, it is necessary to place the negative particle after the verb to be.

 Negative Chart

I	AM	NOT	V- ing	Complement
He She It	IS	NOT	V-ing	Complement
We You They	ARE	NOT	V-ing	Complement

    

 Eg: I am NOT watching TV.

        Daniel is NOT playing football.

       Chiara and Pedro are NOT walking to the school.

Negative sentences also accept an adverb emphasizing the moment of speaking as well as the shortened form of the verb to be.

Eg: I am NOT watching TV now.

      Daniel is NOT playing football in this moment.

      Chiara and Pedro are NOT walking to the school today

The shortened form admits two possibilities, except for the first person singular.

Eg:

 A)     I’m NOT watching TV now.

          Daniel’s NOT playing football in this moment.

         Chiara and Pedro’re NOT walking to the school today.

B)      I am NOT watching TV now.

         Daniel isn’t playing football in this moment.

         Chiara and Pedro aren’t walking to the school today.

   For the interrogative sentences it is necessary to place the verb initially, then the subject, then the verb-ing and the complement. Also we can start a question with a wh-word and then the verb to be, subject, verb-ing and the complement of the interrogative sentence.

Interrogative chart

AM	I	V-ing	Complement?
Is	He She It	V-ing	Complement?
ARE	We You They	V-ing	Complement?

WH-Word	AM	I	V-ing	Complement?
Wh-Word	IS	He She It	V-ing	Complement?
Wh-word	ARE	We You They	V-ing	Complement?

Eg: Am I watching TV?

      Is Daniel playing football?

       Are Chiara and Pedro walking to the school?

      What Am I watching?

      Where Is Daniel playing football?

      Why Are Chiara and Pedro walking to the school?

Spelling of verbs ending (v-ing)

1) Most verbs add –ing

    Wear                        Wearing

    Go                            Going

    Cook                        Cooking

    Hold                       Holding

2) When the infinitive ends in –e, drop –e and add –ing

    Write                     Writing

     Smile                    Smiling

     Take                     Taking

3) In the case of monosyllabic verbs, it is necessary to double the last consonant before the –ing ending,

     Sit                        Sitting

    Get                       Getting

    Run                      Running

   Stop                      Stopping

   Swim                    Swimming

4) When the verb ends in –y the –ing is added.

    Play                     Playing

    Stay                     Staying

    Lay                      Laying

    Try                      Trying

    Dry                      Drying

Write the –ing form of the following verbs.

Walk _________________________ use _________________________ Dance ________________

Sing _________________________   Listen ______________________ Get ________________

Read __________________________ Run ________________________ Do ________________

Stop ___________________________ buy _______________________ Write ______________

Study __________________________ smoke _____________________ Drink _______________

Put the words in order to make sentences.

a) TV/is/Jane/watching? ___________________________________________________________

b) visiting/We/London/are _________________________________________________________

c) is/wearing/jeans/Tom? __________________________________________________________

d) They/video games/are/playing. ___________________________________________________

e) a sandwich/ are/eating/you. ______________________________________________________

f) dancing/girls/the/are. ___________________________________________________________

g) using/I/a computer/am. _________________________________________________________

h) is/tennis/she/playing. __________________________________________________________

Match a line in A with a line in B

A	B
I’m working hard Len’s buying his wife a present Jane’s washing her hair Peter’s looking for a better job We’re buying some new clothes The cats are starving My mum’s watering the flowers The baby`s crying	Because nobody fed them this morning Because he doesn’t earn much at the moment Because they are dry and the weather’s hot. Because it’s her birthday soon, Because I’ve got exams next week. Because he’s hungry Because she’s going to a party tonight. Because we’re going to a wedding soon.

Write the following sentences in the negative.

1) They are talking. _______________________________________________________________

2) He’s eating an ice-cream. ________________________________________________________

3) The baby is sleeping. ___________________________________________________________

4) They’re cycling. _______________________________________________________________

5) She’s running. ________________________________________________________________

Give a short answer to each question. When you see (x) is for the negative form and (+) affirmative form.

1) Are Riquelme and Gallardo playing football? (x) ______________________________________

2) Is Karina Zampini eating a cake? (+) _______________________________________________

3) Is Moria Casan hosting a TV show? (+) _____________________________________________

4) Is Ariana Grande singing “La pollera amarilla”? (x) ____________________________________

5) Are you going to school today? (x) _________________________________________________

Read the text “Friends”

      Calvin and Jerry are living in the north of the country, in Workington, where the weather is very cold. They moved there a month ago because they started a new job for the company where they are working.

       In this moment they are looking out of the window because it’s snowing. It’s the first time this year and it’s the first time for them, so they are looking at the snow very delighted. Suddenly they remembered that they are having a party that night. Then Calvin asked: How are we going to get to the party tonight with this snow? It’s our welcome party. All the mates will be there.  Don’t you worry, answered Jerry and then said: It’s going to stop a little bit later on, I bet you. Time is passing by and the evening is coming said Calvin. What’s wrong pal? Asked Jerry. Calvin answered: I’m looking to the garden and the snow is really high. So they took a shovel and started removing a little bit of snow from the front of the house. After that Jerry said: I’m going to prepare something to eat. .By six in the afternoon they started to get worried because…

Now write an ending for the story in one hundred (100) words.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                                                      SIMPLE PRESENT.

   This verb tense can be used to talk about eternal truth, daily routines, habitual actions.

In this verb tense the verb has an inflection only in the third person singular, he, she , it. The verb needs an –s/-es.

   So in work we need to say and write He works.

 But this inflection for the third person singular may happen in a different way in the case that a verb ends in  O, X, S, SH, CH , so that it is necessary to add –es.

He		O X Sh ch s	ES    | iːz |
She	verb
It

Eg:  He goES to work everyday.        | hi ɡəʊz tə ˈwɜːk ˈevrɪdeɪ |

       She relaxES after work.               | ʃi rɪˈlæksɪz ˈɑːf.tə ˈwɜːk |

       He brushES his teeth every morning.        | hi ˈbrʌʃɪz ɪz tiːθ ˈevri ˈmɔːnɪŋ |

       She watchES tv every night before bed.    | ʃi ˈwɒtʃɪz ˌtiːˈviː ˈevri naɪt bɪˈfɔː bed |

       He kissES her every morning.      | hi ˈkɪsɪz hər ˈevri ˈmɔːnɪŋ |

   The above affirmative sentences need an auxiliary to be turned into negative o interrogative. This auxiliary will vary according to the subject of the sentence. Thus for the first and second person singular( I, You) and  for the first, second and third person plural( we, you, they) the auxiliary will be DO whereas for the third person singular( He, she,  it) it will be  DOES.

Eg: He goes to work every day.

       DOES he go to work every day?

These two auxiliaries are used to make negative sentences.

Eg: She relaxes after work

      She does Not relax after work.

      She doesn’t relax after work. (Abbreviated form)

Match a question in A with an answer in B

A	B
Where does he live? How many languages does he speak? How much is a cheese sandwich? How old are you? What does she do in her free time? Who does he play with? Where does she come from? Why does she go skiing?	Thirty-two. Because she loves the countryside. In a house in Manchester. His two sons. Vienna. She’s Austrian. One pound fifty. Two. French and English. She goes swimming.

Put the words in order to make questions.

1) does/what/up/get/she/time? _______________________________________________

     At seven o’clock.

2) do/breakfast/does/what/she/before? _________________________________________

    She has a shower.

3) for/does/have/breakfast/she/what? __________________________________________

     A cup of tea with some toasts.

4) to/how/she/work/does/go? ________________________________________________

     By bus.

5) she/does/what/evenings/do/the/in? _________________________________________

     She watches television.

Use simple present or present continuous of the verbs in brackets to fill in the text.

   My aunt Virginia is a manager in a big company. She always (go) __________________ to work by car. She (have got) __________________a very big car. My aunt always (wear) ___________________ fashionable clothes and jewellery. But today she (work) ________________________ in the garden. She (not wear) ______________________ fancy clothes.

                                                                        Simple Past

     There are different ways to talk about past tense in English language, but simple past is the most common of all. We use it to talk about completed actions in the past. We find regular and irregular verbs according to the way the verbs behave..

In the case of regular verbs we add “-ed” to the base form of the verb.

Example:

want →   wanted

learn →   learned

stay →   stayed

walk →   walked

show →   showed  In case of the verbs that end in “e”, we only add “-d”. Example: change →   changed believe →   believed But when the verb ends in a simple vowel followed by a consonant (except “y” or “w”), it is necessary to double the final consonant.. Example: stop →   stopped commit →   committed  Now in cases of verbs that end in a consonant and “y”, a change is necessary “y” por una “i”. Ejemplos: study →   studied try →   tried

On the contrary, irregular verbs, as their name say, do not follow a rule.

was (I, he, she, it)   were (you, we, they)

did

had

 

 

                                                                           

Structure

Affirmative Sentences

Subject  + verb  + Complement

Exmple:

She was a doctor.

The keys were in the drawer.

I wanted to dance.

They learned English.

We believed him.

I bought a blue car.

Negative Sentences

To be:   

Subject + “to be”(in the past form) + “not + complement

Example:

She wasn’t a doctor.

The keys weren’t in the drawer.  Then, lexical verbs use auxiliary DID and the negative adverb. Subject + Did + “not” + main verb ( infinitive) + complement Example I didn’t want to dance. They didn’t learn English.  We didn’t believe him. I didn’t buy a blue car.   Interrogative Sentences   Did + subject + main verb( infinitive) + complement  Eg: Did you want to dance?              Did they learn English?  Wh-word + did + subject + main verb (infinitive) + complement Eg: What Did you want to dance?               Where Did they learn English?

The following list of irregular verbs show how they may behave.

                                                   IRREGULAR VERBS

   Awake                                Awoke                                   Awoken

become	became	become
begin	began	begun
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
build	built	built
buy	bought	bought
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
fly	flew	flown
forget	forgot	forgotten
forgive	forgave	forgiven
get	got	got (BrE) / gotten (AmE)
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grow	grew	grown
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
know	knew	known
learn	learned	learnt/learned
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
pay	paid	paid
put	put	put
read	read	read
ride	rode	ridden
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
show	showed	shown
sing	sang	sung
sit	sat	sat
sleep	slept	slept
speak	spoke	spoken
spend	spent	spent
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
swim	swam	swum
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
understand	understood	understood
wear	wore	worn
win	won	won
write	wrote	written

There are different ways of pronouncing the simple past.

1. When the infinitive  ends in “p”, “f”, “k” o “s” (except “t”),  past  form is pronounced “t”.

Example:

looked [lukt]

kissed [kisst]

2. When the infinitive ends in “b”, “g”, “l”, “m”, “n”, “v”, “z” (except “d”) or a vowel sound, we just pronounce “d”.

Example:

yelled [jeld]

cleaned [klind]

3. When the infinitive ends in “d” o “t”, we pronounce “ed” past form as “id”.

Example:

ended [endid]   waited [weitid]

   CIRCLE THE CORRECT OPTION.

   Last week there was/were a writing competition in my school. My friend Carla was/were one of the judges and another friend. Jake, was/wasn’t in the competition because Iam not good at writing stories.

   There was/were many participants. They wasn’t/weren’t from primary school. It was/wasn’t for students between thirteen and sixteen years old. They was/were all from secondary school.

  COMPLETE THE TEXT USING THE VERBS IN BRACKETSIN THE SIMPLE PAST.

   Last week I ………. .(get up) very early. I…………… (be) very happy because I ……………(have) some great plans. I …………… (meet) my friends and we ……………..(go) to the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. We ………….. (take) the train to Edinburgh. When we………………(arrive), we ………………..(not go) to the theatres because many shows ……………..(be) in the streets. We ………….. (see) people everywhere. It …………. (be) fantastic! There ……………(be) many new plays. We really ……….(enjoy) the festival a lot.

Read the following paragraph.

Every morning Mr. Lester gets up at seven o’clock. First he gets dressed. Then he  makes a cup of tea and some toast for breakfast. Then he goes to work by train. He has lunch in a bar. After that he keeps on working till five in the afternoon. At five thirty he catches the train back home. When he gets back home he has a shower. After that he cooks and has dinner together with his wife. After dinner Mrs. Lester puts the cat out of the house. Then both go upstairs, get into bed and go to sleep.

Now, rewrite the paragraph in the simple present.